As the nature of conflict evolves, so too must our understanding of warfare. Today, the battlefield is no longer confined to physical frontiers. Cyberattacks, unmanned systems, and information warfare are redefining how nations assert power and protect sovereignty. The rise of asymmetric threats and hybrid tactics has blurred the lines between war and peace, state and non-state actors. In this edition, we explore how militaries across the globe are adapting to these complex challenges. From the role of artificial intelligence in combat to the strategic implications of space and cyber domains, our cover story delves into the dynamics shaping modern conflict. As always, South Asia Defence & Strategic Review remains committed to providing insightful, forward-looking analysis. We hope this issue not only informs but also provokes thought about the strategies, doctrines, and technologies that will define the battles of tomorrow. To add to the topic we also carry two articles on Defence Acquisition Procedure with recommendations to make it more agile, adaptive and responsive.

The 1965 Indo-Pak War stands as a defining chapter in India’s military history. Marked by fierce battles across the western front, it was a test of endurance, strategy, and national will. The conflict not only showcased the valour of the Indian Armed Forces but also highlighted the importance of jointness and preparedness. As we reflect on its 60th anniversary, this issue revisits key moments and lessons from the 1965 Indo Pak War, phase I (April to Aug 1965). Part ii will follow in our next. At a time when regional security remains fluid, understanding the past is vital to shaping a more resilient and informed defence posture for the future.

This issue also features an engaging and insightful interview with Lt Gen Anil Bhatt PVSM UYSM AVSM SM VSM (Retd), Director General of the Indian Space Association (ISpA). He makes a compelling case for India to invest more robustly in enhancing its space capabilities, highlighting the strategic significance of space in modern defence planning in the back drop of Operation SINDOOR.